New Orleans A Unique City With Its Own Unmistakable Culture

New Orleans is a unique city with its own unmistakable culture. It is unlike any other city in the United States with its vivid colors, mixed architecture, and festivals you can’t celebrate anywhere else. New Orleans was created from the port that made it attractive to other people to settle down in. Geographically, it could be considered a part of the Caribbean, since it is in such close proximity to the islands. In fact, it is closely connected to the Caribbean islands in so many different aspects such as living conditions, cultural norms, traditions, food, dance, music, and many other things. The European powers, specifically Britain, Spain and France, were huge contributors that helped shape these traditions, through settlement, colonialization, importing and exporting, as well as establishing government and structure. It connected Western Europe with the countries around the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and even included culture from Africa. The three great super powers at the time, Britain, Spain and France all vied for colonization among the Americas. As a result, the coastline of the Americas all had British, Spanish and French influences and â€Å"had what amounted to three colonial eras in rapid succession: French, Spanish, Anglo-American† (4). With France being the first and longest influence, one might assume that the French cultures dominate the area. However, France was not as invested in establishing New Orleans as a habitable place that people might want toShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespublication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 MANGGEN ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. LeadershipRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesDESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons

Business Ethics Unethical Business - 1526 Words

Carlos Mendez Professor Benton Phil 2306-83004 16 February 2016 The Unethical Business in Business Ethics When people think about ethics, it is usually about making decisions between good or bad. What is meant by this is that people normally think of doing good deeds, or giving to the disadvantaged as the typical form of ethics. What generally eludes most people, is ethics in the form of selecting between better or best. A great example can be in movies, where a superhero will be required to save one of two people. It is either a loved one, which it would be best for the hero’s personal interests, or a fellow superhero, which will be best in the interest of the people. An ethical choice of this nature is never an easy one to make. Another place where ethical choices are often made, but not regularly heard about is in businesses. The main purpose of a business is to remain profitable and continue operating as efficiently as possible. Ethics tie closely into business decisions because businesses normally have to make choices that might hurt others but will benefit their own company. Although some of these choices are in the best interest of the company, sometimes these decisions are only in the interest of those breaking ethical code. Choices made by a company can sometimes be misunderstood as unethical due to the severity of the decisions made. Recently, reporters Zach Carter and Ryan Grim posted an article in the politics section on Huffington Post about UntiedShow MoreRelatedEthics And Unethical Business Practices860 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past 20 years business failures, corporate scandals, and unethical CEO’s have been in the news on a constant basis. Enron, Worldcom, Hollinger International, Tyco, and Yahoo! suffered losses as a result of unethical business practices. Key factors, such as, productivity, retention of talented employees, business credibility, and legal issues decide whether a business will be successes or unsuccessful. The organization and its employee’s ethics, direct these factors to either increase or decreaseRead MoreThe Ethics Of An Unethical Business Practice1370 Words   |  6 Pagesof an unethical business practice can only come forth if the head of the entity deci des to turn a blind eye to what is happening within the organization. Dependent on the ethical stance of those leading the company, the concern for social responsibility will or will not be sizable. Ethical Theories. In accordance to the ethical theories that are known to society Pharmacare’s actions can be gauged on an ethical scale. The theories range from Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue ethics, and Ethics of careRead MoreAccounting Fraud And Unethical Business Ethics Essay1931 Words   |  8 Pagesexecutives such as Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skillings, and more. In 2000, its stock was rising by three to four hundred percent. Suddenly, Enron declared bankruptcy in December of 2001, which shocked people everywhere. Accounting fraud and unethical business ethics committed by the company were surfacing and thousands of people were losing their jobs and benefits. The route of Enron’s downfall was not the fraud, but the lack of moral compass within the founders and executives of the company. By havingRead MoreSales Ethics Is an Oxymoron1567 Words   |  7 PagesIs Sales-Ethics an Oxymoron? Globalization highlighted the ethical issues and concerns for every individual organization, multinational organizational conduct their operations under ethical code of conduct to confine the issues faced by unethical conducts. Many organizations such as pharmaceutical firms, technological firms and financial firms pay more attentions to ethical behavior to ensure the sales to consumers have been impeccably ethical. However managers pay attention to behavioral ethicalRead MoreSocial Implications Of Business Ethics1601 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 3 Social implications of business ethics Introduction In this assignment I have been asked to describe the social implications of business ethics facing a selected business in its different areas of activity. I have then been asked to assess these social implications of business ethics. The business organisation I have chosen for this assignment is ‘Boots’. Social implications (P3) Social implication is a term used to describe the actions of a business that will have an impact on societyRead MoreUnethical Behavior And Ethical Behavior1519 Words   |  7 PagesUnethical behaviour and ethical behaviour are two factors that are found to be very different around the world. Ethical behaviour can be seen to come from an an individual with a high morality and proper conduct. 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The same source also gives a history of business ethics which states that the concept as an acade mic principle is relatively young-only about forty years old; but in general is asRead MoreWeek 2 Essay747 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Business Research Ethics William Holloway January 8, 2014 Rosa Osuoha, Ph.D Business Research Ethics Consumers in today’s society are careful about how and when to invest his or her money in today’s ever changing economy. Organizations around the world are penalized for failing to follow the new laws or sanctioned by the security exchange commission. The precautions are put in place to help protect the organizations shareholders and investors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One

Eu Yan Sang Report free essay sample

Eu Yan Sang was founded in 1879 and specializes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It evolved from a small shop in Malaya selling traditional Chinese herbal remedies, to a global healthcare company manufacturing and retailing traditional Chinese medicines and herbs. It was listed on SGX in 2000 with operations in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Macau and China, giving it a strong foothold all over the Asia Pacific region. Ranked 16th in consumer health in Singapore in 2011 and 7th in herbal/traditional dietary supplements, Eu Yan Sang’s success can be seen from its market presence. Moreover, the company’s overall share price increased steadily over the years due to product expansion and increase in retail outlets. Its market positioning as a middle-market brand, with an emphasis on the traditional fused with â€Å"modern and scientific approaches† has promoted widespread customer confidence. The company is also a leader in terms of controlling its entire supply chain, from the sourcing of raw materials to production, distribution and even treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Eu Yan Sang Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Based on its Annual Report, Eu Yan Sang’s international performance and long-term sustainability looks very encouraging. However, upon closer examination, the reliability of some of the figures in the Annual Report is a cause for concern as the annual report lumps the data of China and Macau with Hong Kong, casting a shadow on the company’s performance in each of the regions. This was further supported by various sources citing poor performances in China, which has led to our topic of focus on Eu Yan Sang in China. Our project seeks to examine and analyze the applicability of Eu Yan Sang’s successful business model in Singapore and Hong Kong into the Chinese market. We first will identify the operating model in China and analyze challenges it faces in entering the Chinese market. We will also compare the Eu Yan Sang’s China business model with that of other countries, highlighting some of the social, political and economic nuances and differences, before giving our recommendations. In China, Eu Yan Sang has 19 retail outlets selling only health products and supplements, no drugs. This is due to the strict food and drug regulation in China except only recently, they were given a retail pharmacy license by a local food and drug authority of Dongguan, a city in Guangdong province to sell both prescription drugs and Chinese medicine in that city. However, the TCM industry outlook in China is booming, with TCM being the main practice in the country as well as the rising affluence and growing middle class. Prima facie, it may seem very feasible for EYS to tap onto this opportunity, but we have identified three major issues that hinder internationalization of the business into China: (1) Regulations A highly regulated pharmaceutical industry is a major concern for Eu Yan Sang, such as the prohibition of imported drugs/medicine (with some exceptions). Companies must manufacture drugs within China to be able to distribute drugs within the country. This binds foreign companies to a long-term business commitment within China, as well as protecting the local producers. (2) Guanxi and Corruption Another inevitable aspect of doing business in China is Guanxi. Pharmesis International Ltd is an exact replication of Eu Yan Sang’s business model, however unlike Eu Yan Sang, it is able to manufacture and distribute western and TCM drugs all over China. The major difference might possibly be that Pharmesis has elected a Chinese National to become the CEO of the company despite all other non-executive members to be Singaporean. This issue puts forth a question mark on Guanxi and corruption within businesses in China, which is a significant hurdle for family businesses like Eu Yan Sang to overcome. (3) ASEAN-China FTA Last but not least, even with ACFTA full force, trade volumes do not seem appear to add value to the economic cooperation within the two countries. The institutional arrangements and procedures widely differ among the member  states and more time, effort and resources have to be invested to improve the present institutions and upgrade the industries to reap the complete benefits associated with ACFTA. Thus even with FTA, Eu Yan Sang has been unable to reap from it. Moving forward, our recommendations for Eu Yan Sang would be to focus on the OTC drug market in China as well as taking advantage of the preventive mindset of the Chinese can bring about a boost in Eu Yan Sang’s bottom line with the conditions that the above mentioned nuances are tackled and our recommendations are as follow; (1) Set up an entire supply chain facility that engages in production, distribution and storage of drugs (2) Propose a collaboration with the Chinese government using the iGATES technology (3) Obtaining a local partnership through direct hiring of a Chinese national or acquisition of related local companies INTRODUCTION The Company Founded over 130 years ago by Eu Kong, from Southern China. Founder, Eu Kong, sold Chinese herbs and medicine to mining coolies in Perak, Malaysia. Today, the organization has grown to become a publicly listed corporation with operations spanning across different regions in Southeast and North Asia. In Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, the organization has become a household name, a brand synonymous with traditional high quality Chinese medicine, with a modern approach. Operations Retail and Manufacturing The group has over 150 flagship products ranging from traditional Chinese medicine and medicinal herbs, to health supplements and health foods. Clinic and Services With over 25 TCM clinics in its operating regions, EYS has been able to increase circulation and awareness of its products through dispensation and prescription. Supported by highly qualified TCM-trained physicians, with bilingual capabilities to cater to older, non-English speaking patients, and younger, English-speaking ones too. Far from the experience of visiting traditional ‘sinseh’ practitioners, the clinics have adopted the western-healthcare service system. Science Research and development has always been the backbone of the organization. The driver of its strategic advantage has been its focus on technology and scientific backing of its products and processes. To assure effectiveness of their products, the group invests largely on research and technology. The group developed the iGates database which helps identify and breakdown the chemical components in Traditional Chinese medicine. It also documents and fingerprints all known traditional and rare herbs and allows for tracking of these herbs from the extraction stage, all the way to the processing stage in the supply chain. With the help of iGates, many traditional Chinese medicines have become recognized and approved by the WHO. Critical success factor Modernized Tradition Identifying the deep-rootedness of tradition in Chinese medicine, it has maintained a heavy focus on culture. Yet, combined with modern practice and trending globalization, the group has early on embarked on strategic modernization. The scientific approach has given them a competitive edge, well beyond its competitors. The group’s total supply chain control, right from the sourcing and extraction of raw materials, herbs and ingredients; down to the processing and packaging of their products; and finally retailing; has made it one of the leaders within the industry. TCM in China Traditional medicine sales proved the most lucrative for the Chinese OTC pharmaceuticals market in 2010, generating total revenues of $3.2 billion, equivalent to 30.6% of the markets overall value. In comparison, sales of analgesics generated revenues of $989.5 million in 2010, equating to 9.4% of the markets aggregate revenues. Healthcare in china With a population of more than 1.5 billion, there is a huge patient pool in the nation for which the development and production of new drugs or treatment. The rise of the middle class and growing affluence of the Chinese, alongside rapid urbanization is a key driver of consumption in the following decades. The OTC market in China is highly fragmented. The top five companies only hold about 15% of the total market share. With the division of provinces and large number municipalities in China, businesses have to operate in a very ‘local’ manner. Companies need to setup shops in every locality in order to capture a piece of the market. Trending Shift and Awareness: Preventive Healthcare and Medicine The focus of TCM has always been holistic wellness and preventive care. With increased awareness of the numerous wellness benefits of natural remedies, especially among the affluent middle class, EYS has a large and growing consumer base. A growing number of middle class consumers seek to adopt a healthier lifestyle of preventive care, rather than seeking treatment upon contracting disease. Through taking different supplements and extracts, consumers are believed to be able to better maintain good health. Operations in China Unlike Singapore and Hong Kong, The business operates under a totally different business model in China. Due to the strict regulatory requirements of the local Chinese food and drug authorities, there are significant barriers for EYS. The formulation of a many of EYS’ products are classified as drugs under Chinese regulation, as such, they cannot be sold in shops without the necessary approval and license. All the retail outlets in China sell mainly health food, supplements and products. Of the seven provinces in which the group has operations in, only in Dongguan, a city in Guangdong, has their stores been able to carry both prescription drugs and medicine. They expect to open an EYS pharmacy within the year. The group’s CEO, Richard Eu, recognizes the need to locally manufacture their products in China. This would eventually help make registration of these products easier. For now though, the company is focused on building strong branding on their currently available products in their 19 outlets. EYS operates mainly along Southern China. After looking at the TCM industry and the operations in China, the following sections will be addressing certain issues that may make or break EYS penetration into the China market as a whole new business strategy is required in order for the company to succeed. Anti-Monopoly Law in China In 2010, Pfizer was forced to sell their swine-vaccine to Harbin Pharmaceutical Group. The reason behind this was that the Chinese Chamber of Commerce felt that Pfizer’s merger with Wyeth will result in the control of ‘nearly’ half the market for certain swine vaccines and this did not sit well with the Chinese. This anti-competition move could be seen in two ways. One, if Pfizer was to continue selling its swine-vaccine in China, it might capture such a huge portion of the total Chinese market share of vaccines that it significantly crumbles other Pharmaceutical Group’s business. Two, the swine-vaccine might simply be taking a significant chunk of the profits out from other domestic pharmaceutical companies and the Chinese regulators felt that they should interfere to protect the domestic companies. In other words the vaccines pose no danger to the livelihood of the Chinese companies, but only pose danger to their profits. The main difference between the two views lies in the philosophy that guides the business regulating decisions in China. This episode highlights just one hurdle that EYS may continue to face. A Protectionist Regime? In China, foreign companies are not allowed to import medicines for distribution unless they are in small quantities and/or with valid reasons. Moreover, the drugs that are allowed to be imported for distribution have to fulfil a large series of requirements and conditions, which include proving the medicine’s efficacy and making the drug as side effect free as possible. This requirement is a very long-winded and arduous process. Alternatively, to distribute their OTC medicine, The Chinese government requires a production license. This means that OTC drugs could be sold and distributed in China as long as it is produced and manufactured  domestically. This however meant that they needed to build a drug manufacturing facility in China, which is long term and large to make. This was again a potential protectionist policy hidden in plain view. China does not want foreign companies to import foreign drugs and dominate the market and leave. Instead, they require the companies to make a huge long-term investment in the form of a drug manufacturing facility and be committed to the market. They want foreigners to know that they wanted them to be in China for the long time and not just for the â€Å"good time†. These findings provided a stark image of the business politics in China. Guanxi OTC drugs involve a high level of specialization and expertise with high upfront investment costs, making the market very difficult to enter as mentioned by Marketline Analysis. As elaborated in the earlier section, it is also difficult to obtain approval for new products from regulatory authorities. However, upon further research it was found that fellow Singaporean company, Pharmesis International Limited was able to so well in China despite selling similar products to EYS. This finding would prove to be a model that EYS could follow. Pharmesis International Limited, also known as Kinna in China sells western drugs that are TCM formulated, and distributes them to over 2,000 hospitals throughout China. There are three key executives of this company; Heng Ching Chew, Xuedan Wu and Thiam Keng Chew. Upon further research we found out that Heng Ching Chew is a Singapore Parliamentary Speaker and Thiam Keng Chew is also an established businessman in Singapore who has served on the board of many companies. Most interestingly, Xuedan Wu however used hold office in the Ministry of Communications in China. Mr Wu is now serving as the CEO of Singaporean company Pharmesis International Limited. We found this relationship very interesting and provoked the possible involvement of Guan Xi. Perhaps the three of them coming together was an act of pure randomness, but on the other hand, it might just mean that Pharmesis  knew about the difficulty of entering the market and sought to bring in a Chinese partner to enter the giant market of China. This could perhaps be a possible tool for EYS to replicate, in their mission of successfully penetrating deep into China. Comparison with Hong Kong Following the issues of China’s protectionist measures and Guanxi, we further examined the reasons why EYS is not performing in China as compared to Hong Kong. 2012 marked the third year of presence of the business in China. It is also the year where the company grew most from four stores to 16 within the year. Analyst reports have indicated that the retail stores in China are not yet profitable due to the rapid expansion that incurred large amount of expenses. In contrast, looking at the Hong Kong geographic segment, it has got 56 outlets, two integrative clinics as well as a manufacturing cum research and development facility. This large disparity can be attributed due to factors such as: Economic Structure Differences Hong Kong operates through laissez-faire capitalism. It maintains a highly developed capitalist economy; ranked the freest in the world by the Index of Economic Freedom every year since 1995. With such â€Å"freedom†, it allows for foreign companies to move in to invest and set up their branches; not to mention, it takes only 3 days to register a company which indicates ease of business setup. This is vastly opposed to China where it takes 33 days to simply register a company, which highlights the main difference in Hong Kong and the mainland. Demographical and Income Differences Since EYS’ main business is healthcare, demographics and income level plays a huge role. Generally, the country with a higher life expectancy (HK: 83 years old, China: 73 years old) and a more rapidly growing ageing population  will seek for more healthcare services as compared to one that has a lower life expectancy. Moreover, GDP/Capita (PPP) for Hong Kong is at US$49,137, 5 times more than China’s GDP/Capita (PPP) of US$9,146. The idea of having more disposable income and ability to spend explains for the much higher sales figure in Hong Kong. With more affluent educated citizens, Hong Kong’s market may be more receptive towards health goods such as TCM. Political Differences Last but not least, the politics of Hong Kong and China could not be more contrasting. Corruption index for China is 39/100, ranked 80 while Hong Kong is ranked 14 with a score of 77/100. This again reiterates the openness of Hong Kong’s politics vis-a-vis China. Another difference we have identified would be the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). To date, Hong Kong is not under ACFTA. But what is so puzzling is that the FTA is meant to foster strongerg bilateral trade but it seems otherwise, where EYS is faring much better in Hong Kong. ASEAN-China FTA The ASEAN-China FTA is a free trade area among the ten member states of ASEAN and came into effect on 1 January 2010. On top of the reduction of tariffs, benefits include the expansion of bilateral trade and FDI. Despite the optimistic outlook of this FTA, it seems odd that Singaporean companies such as EYS are not able to break through the wall and reap full benefits from ACFTA. Upon further research, we have identified 3 key issues that may provide an explanation of why EYS or many other Singaporean companies are not able to penetrate the China market. Huge Disparities in Income per Capita As mentioned earlier, there is a huge difference in terms of income per capita in China as compared to Singapore and Hong Kong. Because of this, many Singaporean companies are unable to shift their businesses over to  China especially when they are looking for a new target segment. Although it is cheaper to produce in China, analysts say the consumer market in China is not yet mature enough for some products as it is still a developing economy, apart from the major cities. Lack of Understanding of ACFTA and Market Information Pertaining to ASEAN Based on a study conducted by the S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies, between January and June 2010, even with ACFTA in full force, its share in China’s exports dipped from 1.4% to 1.2% amid China’s growth in exports. In addition, Singaporean companies still prefer to export their goods to China through Hong Kong and the reason for using Hong Kong as an entry point is because custom officers in some Chinese cities still lack complete understanding of the ACFTA. Thus, going through Hong Kong saves time and effort. Frequent and direct contacts between chambers of commerce and business associations of the two sides have not yet been established, resulting in lack of mutual comprehension. As a result, many Singaporean companies are relying on Guanxi to expand their business instead of depending on the supposedly economic benefits generated from ACFTA. Lack of Harmonization of Standards and Technical Requirements The lack of harmonization of standards as well as an absence of mutual recognition arrangements can constitute a barrier to trade and smooth economic cooperation. This can be seen from our case of EYS, where it took 3 years for the company to just get their healthfood and supplements approved by the authorities in China. If EYS was more well-informed about the regulatory standards or there is a mutual standard and technical regulation, it will not have to incur so much regulatory cost or take such a long time before the items are put up for sale. In addition, research showed that most of the complaints from Singaporean companies pertain to the lack of common standards, conformity assessment, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards and other technical regulations. Besides, not only do the ASEAN companies not understand the Chinese  standards, the Chinese also find it hard to obtain necessary information from ASEAN. Although it may be argued that in the healthcare sector, it is impossible to have a universal standard or health regulations, but by simply setting a benchmark with ACFTA, can really help businesses move faster. However the effect of the ACFTA has yet to trickle down. Given the difficulty in implementing such control system, we reiterate our proposition that EYS should lean more towards informal relations in order to grow in China. Moving Forward Positive Outlook for OTC Market in China Despite the difficulties that EYS faces in penetrating the China pharmaceutical market, there is still, by and large a positive outlook and a huge incentive for EYS to enter this market. The reasons for this positivity are as follows: Shifting Consumer Preference towards   Traditional Chinese Medicine  Increasingly, the trend has been shifting towards TCM, more so than Western medicine. This is especially in light of the rising costs of Western medicine and also a â€Å"modernization† of Chinese medicine by companies such as EYS which now elevates the status of Chinese medicine. â€Å"Prevention is Better than Cure† Mindset The Chinese believe in a prevention is better than cure mindset and this is the basic selling point of TCM. Furthermore, the Chinese do tend to be more superstitious with regard to health. For example, some have the belief that if they were to enter hospitals, they would come out dead. Hence, all these social factors point in favour of a bourgeoning TCM industry in China as TCM is hardly invasive and focuses more on prevention as opposed to Western medicine which is viewed as invasive. Large OTC Prescription and   Medication Market in China  The main driver of the opportunities for EYS in China has to do with China’s massive population. Not only is there a large demand pool, it is also a growing demand pool where the Chinese are increasingly migrating to the city centres from the rural villages and there is a rising middle class which is a main market segment for EYS’ products. Overall, these main factors give great incentive for EYS to continue in its quest to penetrate the China OTC and medication market, especially if it is able to grasp and leverage on some of these factors. Recommendations In order for EYS to effectively penetrate the China market in OTC drugs and medication, we propose a 3 pronged approach that it can undertake. Firstly, it should set up a full supply chain in China which includes a factory, warehouse and distribution. Secondly, it should leverage on its exsiting technology, through which it can collaborate with the Chinese government. Third, it has to engage to local community through hiring and acquisition in order to gain a foothold in China, otherwise known as Guanxi. Supply Chain and Factory As mentioned earlier in the report, what is stopping EYS from being able to sell and promote their medication and OTC drugs is the fact that they are not producing in China. Hence, the only way for them forward would be indeed to set up an entire distribution network in China. While it involves heavy costs and has a long time horizon, it would not only allow them to be present in China but also put them in good stead for the future. A local distribution system would lead to higher economies of scale, allowing them to further grow and develop. We therefore see this as an essential step that EYS has to undertake in order for it to penetrate the market in China, despite its high initial costs and long process. Technology: iGATES and GAP iGates is an initiative by EYS to fingerprint and track all the Chinese medicine and herbs on its database. It is regulated and approved by the  World Health Organization (WHO) and legitimizes all the drugs that are concocted by EYS. The fact that this database is regulated by WHO is a great advantage to EYS as it can use it as a strong bargaining chip with the Chinese authorities in its plan to expand into China. This is because EYS can share this database with the Chinese companies who could then use this in order to market their products overseas, which at the moment they are not able to. Local Engagement The inevitable concept of â€Å"Guanxi† cannot be ignored when doing business in China, and EYS is no exception. Our last recommendation for EYS would be for it to follow the example of Pharmesis Ltd. and ensure links with the Chinese political elite. They could go down the same route by hiring a board member with strong political links, or it could acquire smaller TCM firms in China on which it can leverage. Having such links would greatly accelerate its ability to penetrate the China market and also eliminate unnecessary red tape. Conclusion Based on our findings in the report, it is evident and undeniable that while China is a very attractive prospect for EYS to expand into, there are many significant challenges and hurdles that it has to overcome. It is imperative that EYS is able to understand and appreciate these if it were to be successful in China. Our recommendation is that EYS take its involvement in China step further through our 3-pronged approach as outlined in the report. However, it has to ensure that it has a concrete and thorough plan as its investment in China will not reap immediate dividends. It is an investment that requires much time and effort in order to cultivate, especially since China already has many existing TCM service providers. EYS has to leverage on its global brand name and its advanced technologies. This, combined with an acute understanding of the various nuances in China, would make EYS an almost unstoppable force not only in China, but the entire region.

South Asia and Management of Energy Security Essay Example

South Asia and Management of Energy Security   Essay INTERNATIONAL-RELATIONS ARTICLE ASSIGNMENT=1 SOUTH ASIA AND MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY 3/27/2013 SUBMITTED BY FAIZAN-ALI BBA-7C * Introduction: The article named south Asia and management of energy security has been written by a well known associate professor of international relations miss DR MUSARRAT JABEEN Quetta university Baluchistan. The writer herself a very competent and well known to her subject of specialization with the great exposure of international systems and relations also read one other books of her by the name of legacy of china which is one of her successful stories and proof of her good thought of school. After now introducing the writer I would like to introduce the under attention article of the writer which is south Asia and management of energy security. Summary (major points): in the article the writer talked about many things and tried to focus on the fact that energy security hinges on the demand and supply systems in terms of energy management. She used a word of hinge in her sentence which is the demonstration of a beautiful making of preposition by writer which means a joining device on which a lid or door turns when it opens. When comes to the major and focal points of an article I would like to firstly translate the meaning of energy security which means that smooth and reliable transact ion and movement of energy between supply and demand systems of energy. We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The emergence of supply and demand is from the economic world and as per my understanding with these terms I conclude that there should not be a supply and demand gap in the systems of energy otherwise I will create a question on the security of energy which is the smooth transaction of energy. Importantly major points for supply and demand are rolled under three dimensions: * Dependency * Certainty * Affordability As energy is the most important security for all the nations and states because a great sense of competition exists among nations for energy security as energy is one of the basic requirements for economic development and economic growth. There are some important factors in the given articles which are responsible for the increase in demand * High rate of population * Stress caused by economic growth * Economic dualism * Structural transformation * Physical capital formation This study basically focuses on the supply and demand systems crossing south Asia at the confluence of central Asia and Middle East south Asia has specific energy security issues. One of the growing demands of energy is that china is becoming the world’s biggest economic power very soon in future due to china needs the cost is kept on increasing specially in south Asia. The region specially discussed in this article is south Asia in which Pakistan is included which would be the route and supplier of energy very soon in future but this might not take place very soon because of our energy crisis at national level. India which is only the supplier and Afghanistan which is the route of energy can also create political barriers to other states of south Asia especially for Iran who is the biggest supplier of energy among south Asia countries. U. s Europe and china’s interest has made some political environment in south Asia. As oil is one of the most important ingredients of energy so U. S who is the only power of world wants to control all pricing management of oil especially in Gulf States? In view of geographical location PAKSITAN has a great importance for all because we have gawaddar port we have Karachi port and we have so many other routes which actually links with the boundaries of AGHANISTAN INDIA IRAN and across the river to the Gulf States. The writer has taken up some important qualifications about PAKSITAN which in my point of view are very important. * Pakistan is located at the confluence of central middle and south Asia. In short Pakistan is the heart of Asia. * Pakistan has the ability to grow at the level of above 8% GDP. * Pakistan has catered for the central Asia trade with south Asia and the rest of world. Challenges: In South Asia, the demand for infrastructure, and particularly electricity, is growing rapidly. Improved electricity supply is a key to sustaining economic growth and improving social services. †¢ Electricity is still not available to about half of the regions 1. 5 billion population, especially in rural areas, which adversely affec ts the efforts to reduce poverty and create better opportunities for all. †¢ The lack of access to modern forms of energy prolongs the widespread traditional use of biomass, with adverse environmental and health impact. Electricity services to the connected customers, whether to businesses or households, are often unreliable and of poor quality, coupled with high technical and commercial losses and poor commercial performance of service providers. †¢ Advancing electricity sector reforms, aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of electricity service, commercial viability of electricity industry, institutional and governance arrangements, accountability of service providers, and investment climate is critical to ensure sustained growth of the sector and optimal development and use of energy resources. National energy systems are autarchic, with weak or nonexistent interconnections. There is little cross-border trade in electricity, with the exception of India-Bhutan t rade, and none in natural gas. * Critical analysis: South Asias energy security dilemma is one of the signal challenges of the 21st century, critical to the economic future of almost two billion people and the political future of one of the world s most volatile regions. Now for the critical analysis as per my reading and understanding with the article I would like to mention some strengths and weaknesses and also the things which are covered and which are not covered. In south Asia energy management china India Pakistan Afghanistan are the majors countries for supply and routes specially in south Asia so they have a great interest of international community specially from the super power U. S. America wanted a full control on all movements and managements of energy specially on oil and also the resources of all these big countries of Asia. china is more powerful among all other Asian states because they are using there resources very efficiently and effectively. Here I can give an example of small dams of water as reserves in china which are 1 lakh in quantity as per rough idea which is the security of many other energy production systems. While talking about Pakistan, Baluchistan which is the biggest area in view of resources and energy generation is now under the strong influence by international forces to get management by others. In view of strengths it is an accepted fact a stronger Pakistan will deal strongly with the regional challenges. The construction of deep sea port at GAWADAR is just one component of the greater gawadar plan. here is a strong link of network of Karachi with Baluchistan by roads. Management of regional interest can play an important role in the management of energy in south Asia. As Pakistan is the hub of transportation for all so there should be a unity and strong faith of friendship among the countries of south Asia. The policy of recasting regional interstate relations on the basis of trade will directly lead to the prosperity of the whole region. Regionally there are so many projects are running among the Pakistan Iran India china srilanka etc. ne of the greatest example is the agreement of gas pipeline between Pakistan and Iran which is the proof of interstate relationships. This agreement is unacceptable for the international actors like America. when going internationally we should all act alike under some laws and policies for the benefit of whole Asia because it has to be understand by all that our continent is very rich in many things like geographical location resources natural climate fertile land etc. everybody should look east towards each other because to the west only fake faces and promises are made for their own national interest. Conclusion: finally at the end I would like to say that this is our bad luck among south Asia countries that we all are affiliated with other international channels for some interest and we are less behind in developing relations among each other . Due to which when there is an increase in the security of energy happens in any country the other feels insecurity like when India made nuclear tests it was a worried time for Pakistan because instead of having a relationship of friendship we are enemy of each other which is the biggest drawback in our continent. he task of global reforms has to be an inclusive one,addresing the concerns and needs of the states located in the heartland of Asia. All the tensions should be solved by dialogues and by cooperation’s. There should be two management policies one at regional level and one should be on international level. The gap is increasing between supply and demand of energy because of inelasticity. East and Southeast Asian states are facing severe and increasing energy security challenges. Regional economies are generally poor in natural resources, trade-dependent, and energy-intensive in character. Regional energy demands, especially for natural gas and fuels derived from crude oil, continue to escalate. Simultaneously, indigenous production of oil and gas has been for the large part either declining. This divergence between energy demands and domestic supplies has led to increasing reliance among East and Southeast Asian states on foreign sources of supply, including energy imports that are predominantly delivered by sea. Recommendation: * Create awareness programs for states on their issues, like economic, social and legal issues, to strengthen them, on government level and civil society organization. * Need comprehensive legislation to ensure the states’ right and their protection. * Promote/Start debates and address the issues of states with governments. -***